何新树

定义

何新树是中国学者何新在20世纪80年代逻辑学研究中提出的核心范式，是泛演化逻辑的核心图形与逻辑模型。它是一种结构范式，用以刻画事物与概念系统的起源、演变及矛盾统一关系，揭示系统自我发展、自我超越所固有的动态规律。

起源与命名
何新于1980年最初提出“历史概念集合”理论，针对传统形式逻辑无法适配动态演化系统的缺陷，将时间维度引入逻辑分析，指出概念的历史系统发生过程可以呈现为树形结构。1982年4月17日，钱学森在致何新的信中高度肯定这一创见，正式提议将这种递归性的动态历史类集命名为“何新树”，后续还多次在通信和学术讲话中讨论该模型的完善方向。
结构与拓扑学内涵
它打破了传统集合论二维Venn图的局限，扩展为引入时间轴的三维拓扑结构：每一个时间切面对应一个静态的概念集合（Venn图），沿时间坐标纵向叠加后就形成了带分支的连通树形网络，既保留了传统集合论的类群关系特征，又能动态呈现概念随历史发展的自我否定与演化过程，本质上是用节点指代概念、边指代演化路径的图论树结构，可借助拓扑学的连通性、层次嵌套性原理解析。
比如分析生物物种演化时，“人”的概念可以呈现为“猿 → 猿人 → 原始人 → 现代人”的演化序列，整个序列就构成“人”这个历史概念集合对应的何新树。

学术价值
它是泛演化逻辑系统的核心载体，提出分类概念系统并非人类主观臆造，而是对宇宙自然演化分类的符号模拟，解决了传统逻辑学对动态演化系统解释力不足的问题。钱学森曾指出，依托何新树吸纳符号逻辑与拓扑学成果，可以推动辩证逻辑实现数理形式化，为构建严密的数理辩证逻辑学提供可行路径。

Hexin Tree

Definition of Hexin Tree
Hexin Tree is a core paradigm put forward by the Chinese scholar He Xin in his logical research in the 1980s, and serves as the core graphical and logical model of Pan-Evolutionary Logic. As a structural paradigm, it is used to characterize the origin, transmutation, and contradictory unity of objects and conceptual systems, and reveals the inherent dynamic laws of system self-development and self-transcendence.
Origin and Naming
He Xin initially proposed the theory of "historical concept sets" in 1980. Aiming at the defect that traditional formal logic cannot adapt to dynamic evolutionary systems, he introduced the time dimension into logical analysis, and pointed out that the historical systematic occurrence process of concepts can be presented as a tree structure. On April 17, 1982, Qian Xuesen highly affirmed this original insight in a letter to He Xin, and formally proposed to name this recursive dynamic historical class set "Hexin Tree". In the follow-up, he also discussed the improvement direction of this model in correspondences and academic speeches on many occasions.
Structure and Topological Connotation
It breaks through the limitation of the two-dimensional Venn diagram in traditional set theory, and expands into a three-dimensional topological structure introducing the time axis: each time section corresponds to a static concept set (Venn diagram). When stacked vertically along the time coordinate, a connected tree network with branches is formed, which not only retains the characteristics of the class-group relationship of traditional set theory, but also dynamically presents the self-denial and evolution process of concepts developing with history. Essentially, it is a graph-theoretic tree structure where nodes represent concepts and edges represent evolution paths, and can be analyzed with the principles of connectivity and hierarchical nesting in topology.
For example, when analyzing the evolution of biological species, the concept of "human" can be presented as the evolution sequence of "ape → ape-man → primitive human → modern human", and the entire sequence constitutes the Hexin Tree corresponding to the historical concept set of "human".
Academic Value
It is the core carrier of the Pan-Evolutionary Logic system. It puts forward that the classification concept system is not a subjective fabrication of human beings, but a symbolic simulation of the classification of cosmic natural evolution, which solves the problem that traditional logic has insufficient explanatory power for dynamic evolution systems. Qian Xuesen once pointed out that relying on Hexin Tree to absorb the achievements of symbolic logic and topology can promote the realization of mathematical formalization of dialectical logic, and provide a feasible path for the construction of a rigorous mathematical system of dialectical logic.

术语译名

1.Pan-EvolutionaryLogic：泛演化逻辑（即PEPCLogic）

2.HexinTree：何新树（专有名词）

3.contradictoryunity：矛盾统一（辩证法标准术语）

4.conceptualsystems：概念系统

5.self-developmentandself-transcendence：自我发展、自我超越