本文系Food Science and Human Wellness原创编译，欢迎分享，转载请授权。

内容摘要

婴儿对外界感染的敏感性降低，这一现象与他们肠道中普遍存在的双歧杆菌群落密切相关。尽管如此，关于在早期发育阶段启动抗感染免疫反应的双歧杆菌特定种类的知识仍存在显著的空白。在本研究中，比较了早期干预使用两歧双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium bifidum）、短双歧杆菌（B. breve）和长双歧杆菌（B. longum）对感染沙门氏菌（Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344）的新生大鼠的影响。研究涵盖了多个免疫层面，包括肠道免疫、中枢免疫（胸腺）、外周免疫（脾脏）和脑部免疫。沙门氏菌感染后，观察到新生大鼠在生长和发育水平、免疫标志物、细胞因子水平、T淋巴细胞亚群平衡、肠道屏障功能和血脑屏障完整性方面发生了显著变化。与B. breve和B. longum相比，B. bifidum在调节这些生理过程中显示出更明显的效力。通过对肠道微生物群、双歧杆菌群落、结肠内容物代谢组学和血清代谢组学的多层次分析，强调了B. bifidum作用的重要性，并揭示了信使代谢物的免疫增强功能。在这些代谢物中，γ-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid和orotic acid被发现是所有三种菌种共有的，而hippuric acid和1a,1b-dihomo prostaglandin F2α是B. bifidum特有的，DL-arginine是B. longum特有的。总体而言，本研究为双歧杆菌在早期感染中的干预和免疫调节提供了新的见解，强调了B. bifidum的重要作用。

图片摘要

主要结果

• 早期干预使用两歧双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌在沙门氏菌感染期间显示出多方面的积极效应。
  

• 两歧双歧杆菌的干预在减少沙门氏菌引起的炎症方面优于短双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌。
  

• 双歧杆菌对代谢组学特征的改变在肠道微生物群免疫相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。
  

• 独特的代谢产物谱，包括γ-L-Glutamyl-L-glutamic acid和Orotic acid，突出了双歧杆菌的潜在免疫调节因子。

作者简介

王刚，江南大学食品学院教授。主要从事食品微生物学、食品营养与健康等方面的教学及研究工作。研究方向集中在肠道微生物与健康、功能性益生菌资源发掘、益生菌功能机制解析及益生菌产品开发。研究内容涵盖益生菌对内分泌疾病、消化道疾病、精神类疾病、食源性致病菌感染、食源性有毒化合物毒害的缓解机制方面的研究。获授权中国发明专利50余件、授权国际发明专利10 件，发表论文70余篇（h-index 32）。作为主要完成人获2014年中国商业联合会全国商业科技进步奖一等奖、2015年第十七届中国专利金奖和2018年教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖科学技术进步奖二等奖。2022年当选“无锡百名科技之星”。

Insights into the impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum on the immune response against Salmonella infection in neonatal rats

Chunxiu Lina,b, Yugui Linc, Min Guoa,b, Rui Xiaoa,b, Shunhe Wanga,b, Yonghua Zhoud, Jianxin Zhaoa,b,e,f, Hao Zhanga,b,e,f,g, Wei Chena,b,e, Gang Wanga,b,e,f,*

aState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

b School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

c Microbiology Laboratory, Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, China

d Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China

e National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

f (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China

g Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China

*Corresponding author.

Abstract

Infants exhibit diminished susceptibility to external infections, a phenomenon closely linked to the pervasive presence of the bifidobacterial community within their intestinal tract. Nonetheless, a significant knowledge gap remains concerning the distinct species of bifidobacteria initiating anti-infection immune responses during the early developmental stages. In this study, the impact of early intervention with Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum on neonatal rats infected with Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 were compared. The study encompasses various immunity levels, including gut immunity, central immunity (thymus), peripheral immunity (spleen), and brain immunity. Following Salmonella infection, significant alterations in neonatal rats were observed in growth and developmental levels, immune markers, cytokine levels, balance of T lymphocyte subpopulations, intestinal barrier function, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Compared with B. breve and B. longum, B. bifidum demonstrated more pronounced efficacy in regulating these physiological processes. By conducting multi-level analyses of gut microbiota, bifidobacterial community, colonic content metabolomics, and serum metabolomics, the significance of B. bifidum's role is underscored, and the immune-enhancing function of messenger metabolites is unveiled. Among these metabolites, γ-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid and orotic acid were found to be shared by all 3 species, while hippuric acid and 1a, 1b-dihomo prostaglandin F2α were unique to B. bifidum, and DL-arginine was specific to B. longum. Overall, this study has provided novel insights into the intervention and immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium in early-life infections, emphasizing the significant role of B. bifidum.

Reference:

LIN C X, LIN Y G, GUO M, et al. Insights into the impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum on the immune response against Salmonella infection in neonatal rats[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2025, 14(9): 9250209. DOI:10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250209.

本文编译内容由作者提供

编辑：王佳红；责任编辑：孙勇

封面图片：图虫创意

为进一步促进动物源食品科学理论的完善与创新，加速科研成果向实际生产力的转化，助力产业实现高质量、可持续发展，由北京食品科学研究院、中国肉类食品综合研究中心、中国食品杂志社与海南大学、海南热带海洋学院、江西农业大学共同举办的“2026年动物源食品科学与人类健康研讨会”，将于2026年11月14-15日（11月13日报到）在中国 海南 海口召开。

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