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November 12, 2026

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The diagram below shows the leather making process.

主体段分段方法：

主体1：1-7

主体2：8-12

开头段

The flow chart illustrates the various stages involved in the production of leather.

概述段

Overall, the whole procedure consists of 12 steps,starting fromselection of animal skinsand ending atthe application of wax to the finished leather.

思路要点：

- 共12步

- 第一步：挑选合适的动物皮毛

- 最后一步：打蜡

Body paragraph 1

The first seven stages are primarily concerned with the preparation and treatment of the raw material.Initially, suitable animal hides are selected from farms and transported to factories by a truck, wherethey are sorted according to size. Workersthentrim these hides with scissors to ensure smoother edges. Salt is subsequently applied to remove impurities, after whichthe skins are arranged in layers on shelves and left to cure for 30 days.Once finished,they are soaked in water for between 12 and 24 hours to remove any remaining dirt.In the following stage,the hair is scraped off using a knife.

【思路要点】：前7步

- 前七个阶段主要进行原材料的准备与处理

- 第1步：挑选合适的兽皮，由农场运至工厂

- 第2步：按尺寸分类

- 第3步：工人用剪刀修剪兽皮，让边缘更平整

- 第4步：撒盐去除杂质

- 第5步：将兽皮分层放置在架子上，腌制(curing) 30 天

- 第6步：放入水中浸泡(soak) 12 至 24 小时，去除残留污物

- 第7步：用刀刮掉兽皮上的毛

Body paragraph 2

In the remaining steps, the material is further processed with chemicals. The hairless hides arethenplaced in a large wooden spinning barrel filled with water where salt and acid are added during the pickling stage.This is followed by tanning, in whichfurther chemicals are introduced while the rotates clockwise for 48 hours.Subsequently, paint and oil are added for coloring and softening.In the final two stages, the treated leather is hung up to dry by fans,beforethe process is completed with waxing.

【思路要点】：后5步

- 剩余步骤使用化学药剂对原料进一步加工

- 第8步：把去毛后的兽皮放入装满水的大型木质旋转桶(a large wooden spinning barrel)，腌制阶段加入盐和酸

- 第9步：接着进行鞣制(tanning)，持续添加其他化学药剂，木桶顺时针(clockwise)转动(rotate) 48 小时

- 第10步：之后加入颜料和油脂，用来上色、软化皮革

- 最后2步：处理好的皮革悬挂起来，由风扇风干；工序以上蜡(waxing)收尾